River tamarind, also known as Leucaena leucocephala, is a fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing leguminous tree native to Central and South America but now found in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It is highly valued for several purposes:
- Fodder: The leaves, seeds, and pods of the tree are commonly used as animal feed, especially for cattle, goats, and sheep. It has a high protein content (around 25% crude protein) and is used to improve animal growth and milk production. However, it should be fed in moderation due to the presence of mimosine, a compound that can be toxic to livestock in high amounts.
- Nitrogen Fixation: As a legume, river tamarind helps improve soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through its symbiotic relationship with rhizobium bacteria. This makes it useful in agroforestry systems and for soil rehabilitation.
- Timber and Fuelwood: It produces durable wood that can be used for small-scale construction, fuelwood, and charcoal.
- Erosion Control: Its extensive root system helps control soil erosion, making it useful for stabilizing slopes and degraded lands.
- Green Manure and Mulch: Its leaves decompose quickly, providing organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
The nutritional value of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil Ipil) leaves per 100 grams can vary slightly based on factors like soil quality, climate, and maturity. However, a typical nutrient profile for the dry matter of Leucaena leaves is as follows:
- Crude Protein: 23–30 g
- Crude Fiber: 10–20 g
- Fat: 3–6 g
- Ash (Minerals): 9–10 g
- Calcium: 1–2 g
- Phosphorus: 0.2–0.3 g
- Energy: Around 280–350 kcal
The leaves are highly valued as a protein source in animal feed, but they should be used in moderation due to the presence of mimosine, which can be toxic to animals in large quantities.
